Efficiency Series Papers
The Efficiency Series Papers are issued by the Oviedo
Efficiency Group and deal with theoretical and applied issues of efficiency and
productivity. The series also includes contributions from researchers who have
presented their work at the Permanent Seminar on Efficiency and Productivity as
well as invited articles from specialists in the field. The only requisite for
a paper to be considered for inclusion in the series is that it not be
published in any journal and that it be reviewed by a member of the OEG. Papers
should be submitted in English (style) and anyone
interested in having their work appear in the Series should contact the Series
Coordinator, David Roibás (droibas@uniovi.es).
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2024
ESP 01/2024 PDF
A multisector
growth model for testing the Tourism-Led Growth versus the Beach Disease
hypotheses
Roberto Balado-Naves, David
Boto-García, José Francisco Baños-Pino
2023
ESP 06/2023 PDF
Residential water
demand: Gender differences in water consumption
Roberto Balado-Naves,
Sara Suarez-Fernandez
ESP 05/2023 PDF
Economic,
Environmental, and Energy Equity Convergence: Evidence of a Multi-Speed Europe?
Manuel Llorca, Ana
Rodriguez-Alvarez
ESP 04/2023 PDF (NEW STATA COMMAND)
Fitting spatial
stochastic frontier models in Stata
Kerui Du, Luis Orea,
Inmaculada Álvarez
ESP 03/2023 PDF
How institutions
shape the economic returns of public investment in European regions
Inmaculada C. Alvarez,
Javier Barbero, Luis Orea, Andrés Rodríguez-Pose
ESP 02/2023 PDF
Assessing
environmental profiles: An analysis of water consumption and waste recycling
habits
Marian
García-Valiñas, Fernando Arbués, Roberto Balado-Naves
ESP 01/2023 PDF
Efficiency,
perceived prices, and household water demand: A stochastic frontier analysis
for the Spanish city of Gijón
Roberto Balado-Naves,
Marian Garcia-Valiñas, David Roibas
2022
ESP 04/2022 PDF
TFP growth, embeddedness,
and Covid-19: a novel production model that allows estimating trade
elasticities
André Carrascal,
Luis Orea
ESP 03/2022 PDF
Estimating the
dynamic effects of volcano eruptions on domestic tourism: Evidence based on
mobile-phone geo-positioning records
David Boto-García, Veronica Leoni
ESP 02/2022 PDF
Binary endogenous
treatment in stochastic frontier models with an application to soil
conservation in El Salvador
Samuele Centorrino,
María Pérez Urdiales, Boris Bravo-Ureta, Alan Wall
ESP 01/2022 PDF
The structural and
productivity effects of infrastructure provision in developed and developing
countries
Luis Orea, Inmaculada
C. Álvarez, Luis Servén
ESP 09/2021 PDF
Evaluating the
impact of improvement plan subsidies in Spanish dairy farms
José A.
Pérez-Méndez, David Roibás, Alan Wall
ESP 08/2021 PDF
Management accounting
practices and performance in organic farms. The link to local development
Beatriz García-Cornejo, José A.
Pérez-Méndez, Alan Wall, David Castrillo Cachón
ESP 07/2021 PDF
Contribution of
management accounting practices to the efficiency of organic farms
Beatriz
García-Cornejo, José A. Pérez-Méndez, Alan Wall,
David Castrillo Cachón
ESP 06/2021 PDF
Factors
determining differences in organic agricultural production across Spanish
regions.
Luis Orea, Alan Wall
ESP 05/2021 PDF
Does land
consolidation promote livestock production and combat rural depopulation? A
multi-cohort multi-treatment Difference-in-Difference analysis of parishes in
northern Spain
Luis Orea, José
A. Pérez-Méndez, Inmaculada Álvarez
ESP 04/2021 PDF
Is it MOLS or
COLS?
Christopher F. Parmeter
ESP 03/2021 PDF
Persistence and
dynamics in the efficiency of toll motorways: The Spanish case
José F.
Baños-Pino, David Boto-García, Emma Zapico
ESP 02/2021 PDF
Electricity Sector
Reform Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Parametric Distance Function
Approach
Adwoa Asantewaa, Tooraj
Jamasb, Manuel Llorca
ESP 01/2021 PDF
Estimating the
propagation of the COVID-19 virus with a stochastic frontier approximation of
epidemiological models: a panel data econometric model with an application to
Spain
Luis Orea, Inmaculada
C. Álvarez, Alan Wall
ESP 02/2020 PDF
How effective has
been the Spanish lockdown to battle COVID-19? A spatial analysis of the coronavirus propagation
across provinces
Inmaculada C. Álvarez, Luis Orea
ESP 01/2020 PDF
Managing power
supply interruptions: a bottom-up spatial (frontier) model with an application
to a Spanish electricity network
Pablo Argüelles,
Luis Orea
ESP 05/2019 PDF
Spatial Production Economics
Luis Orea, Inmaculada
C. Álvarez
ESP 05/2019 PDF
Network Utilities
Performance and Institutional Quality: Evidence from the Italian Electricity
Sector
Golnoush Soroush, Carlo
Cambini, Tooraj Jamasb, Manuel Llorca
ESP 04/2019 PDF
Rural and
agricultural development by land consolidation: a spatial production analysis
of Asturias´ parishes
Inmaculada C.
Álvarez, Luis Orea, Jose A. Perez-Mendez
ESP 03/2019 PDF
Does
Specialization Affect the Efficiency of Small-Scale Fishing Boats?
Antonio Alvarez, Lorena
Couce, Lourdes Trujillo
ESP 02/2019 PDF
The Econometric
Measurement of Firms’ Efficiency
Luis Orea
ESP 01/2019 PDF
Effects of
inter-industry and spatial spillovers on regional productivity: Evidence from
Spanish panel data
Inmaculada C.
Álvarez, Alberto Gude, Luis Orea
ESP 05/2018 PDF
Infrastructure,
resource allocation and productivity growth: a mutually consistent
decomposition of inter and intra-industry productivity effects
Luis Orea
ESP 04/2018 PDF
Utilities
Governance, Incentives, and Performance: Evidence from the Water Sector in
India
Sai Amulya Nyathikala, Tooraj Jamasb, Manuel Llorca, Mukul Kulshrestha
ESP 03/2018 PDF
Institutions and Performance
of Regulated Firms: Evidence from Electric Utilities in the Indian States
Tooraj Jamasb, Manuel
Llorca, Pavan Khetrapal, Tripta Thakur
ESP 02/2018 PDF
Land
fragmentation, output variability and technical efficiency in Spanish dairy
farms
Graziella Bonnano,
Domenico de Giovanni, David Roibás, Alan Wall
ESP 01/2018 PDF
Cow comfort and
productive efficiency: An application to Spanish dairy farms
Jose Antonio
Pérez, David Roibás, Alan Wall
ESP 07/2017 PDF
The effects of
forage crop mix on the efficiency and quality of milk production
Jose Antonio
Pérez, David Roibás, Alan Wall
ESP 06/2017 PDF
Animal health
indicators and technical efficiency in milk production: a stochastic frontier
analysis for Spanish dairy farms
Jose Antonio
Pérez, David Roibás, Alan Wall
ESP 05/2017 PDF
A primer on the
theory and practice of efficiency and productivity analysis
Luis Orea, José
L. Zofío
ESP 04/2017 PDF
A new stochastic frontier
model with cross-sectional effects in both noise and inefficiency terms
Luis Orea, Inmaculada
C. Álvarez
ESP 03/2017 PDF
Heterogeneous
spillovers among Spanish provinces: A generalized spatial stochastic frontier
model
Alberto Gude,
Inmaculada C. Álvarez, Luis Orea
ESP 02/2017 PDF
Wage Frontiers in
Pre & Post-Crisis Spain: Implications for Welfare and Inequality
Joanna M.
Bashford-Fernández, Ana Rodríguez-Álvarez
ESP 01/2017 PDF
Revisiting the
Decomposition of Cost Efficiency for Non-homothetic Technologies: A Directional
Distance Function Approach
Juan Aparicio,
José L. Zofío
ESP 07/2016 PDF
Matching
frontiers: A random parameter model approach
José F.
Baños, Ana Rodríguez-Álvarez, Patricia Suárez
ESP 06/2016 PDF
A spatial approach
to control for unobserved environmental conditions when measuring firms’
technology: an application to Norwegian electricity distribution networks
Luis Orea, Inmaculada
C. Álvarez, Tooraj Jamasb
ESP 05/2016 PDF
Animal health
indicators and technical efficiency in milk production: A stochastic frontier
analysis for Spanish dairy farms
Jose Antonio
Pérez, David Roibás, Alan Wall
ESP 04/2016 PDF
Long run effect of
public grants on the R&D investment: A non-stationary panel data approach
Inmaculada C.
Álvarez-Ayuso, Chihwa Kao, Desiderio Romero-Jordán
ESP 03/2016 PDF
Energy efficiency
and rebound effect in European road freight transport
Manuel Llorca, Tooraj
Jamasb
ESP 02/2016 PDF
A spatial
autoregressive panel model to analyze road network spillovers on production
Inmaculada C.
Álvarez, Javier Barbero, José L. Zofío
ESP 01/2016 PDF
Modelling the
effect of crime on economic activity: The case of Mexican states
Antonio Álvarez,
Rafael Garduño, Héctor Núñez
ESP 02/2015 PDF
A parametric
frontier model for measuring eco-efficiency
Luis Orea, Alan Wall
ESP 01/2015 PDF
Physical versus
economic depletion of a nonrenewable natural resource
Xosé A.
Rodríguez, Carlos Arias, Ana Rodríguez-González
ESP 04/2014 PDF
A latent class
approach for estimating energy demands and efficiency in transport: An
application to Latin America and the Caribbean
Manuel Llorca,
José Baños, José Somoza, Pelayo Arbués
ESP 03/2014 PDF
Identifying
efficient regulated firms with unobserved technological heterogeneity: A nested
latent class approach to Norwegian electricity distribution networks
Luis Orea, Tooraj
Jamasb
ESP 02/2014 PDF
The influence of
meteorological conditions on dairy production
David Roibás, Alan Wall, José A. Pérez
ESP 01/2014 PDF
Measuring
energy efficiency and rebound effects using a stochastic demand frontier
approach: The US residential energy demand
Luis
Orea, Manuel Llorca, Massimo Filippini
ESP 08/2013 PDF
Evaluating the double
effect of land fragmentation on technology choice and dairy farm productivity:
A latent class model approach
Luis Orea, Jose A.
Pérez, David Roibás
ESP 07/2013 PDF
Determinants of
ground transport modal choice in long-distance trips in Spain
Pelayo González,
José F. Baños, Matías Mayor, Patricia Suárez
ESP 06/2013 PDF
Spatial
productivity of road transportation infrastructure
Pelayo Arbués,
Matías Mayor, José F. Baños
ESP 05/2013 PDF
A dynamic approach
to road freight flows modeling in Spain
Pelayo Arbués,
José F. Baños
ESP 04/2013 PDF
Responses to
changes in domestic water tariff structures: An analysis on household-level
data from Granada, Spain
María
Pérez Urdiales, María A. García-Valiñas, Roberto
Martínez-Espiñeira
ESP 03/2013 PDF
Using the latent
class approach as a supervised method to cluster firms in DEA: An application
to the US electricity transmission industry
Manuel Llorca, Luis
Orea, Michael G. Pollitt
ESP 02/2013 PDF
Efficiency and
environmental factors in the US electricity transmission industry
Manuel Llorca, Luis
Orea, Michael G. Pollitt
ESP 01/2013 PDF
Are dairy farms
becoming more intensive? Impact on farm efficiency
ESP 04/2012 PDF
Using Supervised
Environmental Composites in Production and Efficiency Analyses: An Application
to Norwegian Electricity Networks
Luis Orea, Christian Growitsch, Tooraj Jamasb
ESP 03/2012 PDF
Bayesian
Estimation of Inefficiency Heterogeneity in Stochastic Frontier Models
Jorge E. Galán,
Helena Veiga, Michael P. Wiper
ESP 02/2012 PDF
Estimating Market
Power in Homogenous Product Markets Using a Composed Error Model: Application
to the California Electricity Market
Luis Orea, Jevgenijs
Steinbuks
ESP 01/2012 PDF
Expectations with
Unrealistic Optimism: An Empirical Application
Humberto Brea, Emili Grifell-Tatjé, Luis Orea
ESP 02/2011 PDF
Stochastic Productivity growth and its determinants
in the Spanish provinces: Do within-regions differences matter?
María Pérez Urdiales, Luis Orea
ESP 01/2011 PDF
A one-stage random effect counterpart of the
fixed-effect vector decomposition model with an application to UK electricity
distribution utilities
William Greene,
Luis Orea, Alan Wall
ESP 05/2010 PDF
The Impact of
Infrastructures in Provincial Production: Assessing its Dynamic Impact
David
Roibás, Jose Baños
ESP 04/2010 PDF
Stochastic
Frontiers using a Fixed-effect Vector Decomposition Approach with an
Application to ICT and Regional Productivity in Spain
William Greene,
Luis Orea, Alan Wall
ESP 03/2010 PDF
Estimating Marginal
Cost of Quality Improvements: The Case of the UK Electricity Distribution
Companies
Tooraj Jamasb, Luis Orea, Michael G. Pollitt
ESP 02/2010 PDF
The impact of land fragmentation on milk production
J. del Corral, J.A. Pérez, D. Roibás
ESP 01/2010 PDF
Weather Factors
and Performance of Network Utilities: A Methodology and Application to
Electricity Distribution
Tooraj Jamasb, Luis Orea, Michael G. Pollitt
ESP 05/2009 PDF
Reformas regulatorias y eficiencia en el sector portuario
español
Ana Rodríguez Álvarez, Beatriz Tovar de la Fe
ESP 04/2009 PDF
Factors
determining the response of hospitals to demand uncertainty
Ana Rodríguez-Álvarez, David Roibás,
Alan Wall
ESP 03/2009 PDF
Legal and
political barriers to entry in the Spanish retail market: a frontier approach
Luis Orea
ESP 02/2009 PDF
Entry efficiency
and barriers to entry in the Spanish retail market
Luis Orea
ESP 01/2009 PDF
Studying the
impact of managerial activities on the technical efficiency of Wisconsin Dairy
farm
V. Cabrera, D. Solis, Julio del Corral
ESP 04/2008 PDF
Explaining
Occupancy Rates in the European Railways: a Reduced-Form Approach
Luis Orea, Ana Rodríguez-Álvarez, Subal
Kumbhakar
ESP 03/2008 PDF
Benchmarking and
Total Factor Productivity: A Luenberger Decomposition within the Banking Sector
Mircea Epure,
Kristiaan Kerstens, Diego Prior
ESP 02/2008 PDF
Imposing Weak
Monotonicity on Parametric Distance Function Estimations
Sergio Perelman, Daniel Santín
ESP 01/2008 PDF
Assesing
Performance in the Management of the Urban Water Cycle
Andrés J. Picazo-Tadeo, Francisco J.
Sáez-Fernández, Francisco González-Gómez
ESP 06/2007 PDF
The effects of
Stochastic Demand and Expense Preference Behaviour on Public Hospital Cost and
Excess Capacity
Knox Lovell, Ana Rodríguez-Álvarez, Alan Wall
ESP 05/2007 PDF
Productivity and
Tertiarization in Industrialized Countries. A Comparative Analysis
Andrés Maroto-Sánchez, Juan Ramón
Cuadrado-Roura
ESP 04/2007 PDF
Does
Intensification Help to Improve the Economic Efficiency of Dairy Farms?
Antonio Álvarez, Julio del Corral, Daniel
Solís, José Antonio Pérez
ESP 03/2007 PDF
Do Performance and
Environmental Conditions Behave as Barriers for Cross-Country Banking Activity
in Europe?
Ana Lozano-Vivas, Jesús Pastor
ESP 02/2007 PDF
Estimating
Firm-Specific Market Power: A Composed Error Term Approach
Luis Orea
ESP 01/2007 PDF
Identification of
Segments of Soccer Clubs in the Spanish League First Division with a Latent
Class Model
Carlos P. Barros, Julio del Corral, Pedro Garcia-del-Barrio
ESP 06/2006 PDF
Modelling Regional
Heterogeneity with Panel Data: With Application to Spanish Provinces
Antonio Álvarez, Julio del Corral
ESP 05/2006 PDF
The Impact of
Managerial Quality on Organizational Performance Evidence from German Soccer
Bernd Frick,
Robert Simmons
ESP 04/2006 PDF
Using Value
Efficiency Analysis (VEA) to Measure Productivity Efficiency in Primary Health
Care
Eduardo González, Vicente García
ESP 03/2006 PDF
Separating
Catch-up and Technical Change in Stochastic Frontier Models: A Mote Carlo
Approach
Antonio Álvarez, Julio del Corral
ESP 02/2006 PDF
An Economic Model
to Evaluate the Contribution of Genetics to Milk Production
Antonio Álvarez, David Roibás
ESP 01/2006 PDF
Soil Conservation
and Technical Efficiency Among Hillside Farmers in Central America: A Switching
Regression Model
Daniel Solís, Boris E. Bravo-Ureta, Ricardo E. Quiroga
ESP 07/2005 PDF
Accounting for
Unobservables in Production Models: Management and Inefficiency
Antonio Álvarez, Carlos Arias, William Greene
ESP 06/2005 PDF
The Effects of
Resource Depletion on Coal Mining Productivity
Carlos Arias, Xosé Antón Rodríguez
ESP 05/2005 PDF
Risk-adjusted
Productivity Measurement with Application to Spanish Dairy Farms
Luis Orea, Alan
Wall
ESP 04/2005 PDF
Estimating the
Productivity of Public Infrastructure using Maximum Entropy Econometrics
Jorge Rodriguez-Vález, Antonio Álvarez, Carlos
Arias, Esteban Fernandez
ESP 03/2005 PDF
Interpreting and
Testing the Scaling Property in Models where Inefficiency Depends on Firm
Characteristics
Antonio Álvarez, Christine Amsler, Luis Orea, Peter
Schmidt
ESP 02/2005 PDF
Decomposing
Regional Productivity Growth using an Aggregate Production Frontier
Antonio
Álvarez
ESP 01/2005 PDF
Technical
Efficiency in Farming: a Meta-regression analysis
Boris E.
Bravo-Ureta, Daniel Solís, Victor Moreira, José Maripani,
Abdourahmane Thiam, Teodoro Rivas
ESP 08/2004 PDF
The Measurement of
Spatial Productivity Spillovers from Public Capital
Antonio Álvarez, Carlos Arias, Luis Orea
ESP 07/2004 PDF
The Estimation of
Different Technologies using a Latent Class Model
Julio del Corral, Antonio Álvarez
ESP 06/2004 PDF
Endogeneity
Problems in the Estimation of Multi-Output Technologies
David Roibas, Carlos Arias
ESP 05/2004 PDF
Differences In
Productivity Between Efficient And Inefficient Firms
Antonio Álvarez, Luis Orea
ESP 04/2004 PDF
Technical and
Allocative Efficiency in Spanish Port Cargo Handling Firms
Ana Rodríguez,
Beatriz Tovar de la Fe, Lourdes Trujillo
ESP 03/2004 PDF
On the Approximation of Production Functions: A Comparison of
Artificial Neural Networks Frontiers and Efficiency Techniques
Daniel
Santín
ESP 02/2004 PDF
Scale and the
Efficiency Production Function
Joaquín
Millán
ESP 01/2004 PDF
Explaining Differences
in Milk Quota Values: The Role of Economic Efficiency
Antonio Álvarez, Carlos Arias, Luis Orea
ESP 10/2003 PDF
On Graph
Efficiency Measurement
Joaquín
Millán
ESP 09/2003 PDF
Econometric
Estimation of Fishing Production Functions when Stock is Unknown: A Monte Carlo
Analysis
Antonio
Álvarez
ESP 08/2003 PDF
Estimating a Mixture of Efficiency Indices
Subal
Kumbhakar,Luis Orea, Ana Rodríguez, Efthymios Tsionas
ESP 07/2003 PDF
Europe Chasing the American Frontier
Robert J. Gordon
ESP 06/2003 PDF
Recent Developments in Stochastic Frontier Modeling
Subal
Kumbhakar, Efthymios Tsionas
ESP 05/2003 PDF
Farm Household Production
Efficiency: Evidence from The Gambia
Jean-Paul Chavas,
Ragan Petrie, Michael Roth
ESP 04/2003 PDF
Allocative Inefficiency and
its Cost: The Case of the Spanish Public Hospitals
Ana Rodríguez, Víctor
Fernández, Knox Lovell
ESP 03/2003 PDF
The Relative
Importance of Luck and Technical Efficiency in a Fishery
Antonio Álvarez, Leví
Pérez, Peter Schmidt
ESP 02/2003 PDF
Empirical Consequences of
Direction Choice in Technical Efficiency Analysis
Antonio Álvarez, Carlos
Arias, Subal Kumbhakar
ESP 01/2003 PDF
Graph Efficiency and Parametric Distance Function with an Application to
Spanish Savings Banks
Rafael A. Cuesta, José L. Zofío
ESP 12/2002 PDF
Decomposing Productivity Growth under Production Risk
Luis Orea, Alan
Wall
ESP 11/2002 PDF
Measuring Efficiency using a Stochastic Frontier Latent Class Model
Luis Orea, Subal Kumbhakar
ESP 10/2002 PDF
What does “Privatization” do for Efficiency? Evidence from
Argentina and Brazil’s Railways
Antonio Estache, Marianela González, Lourdes Trujillo
ESP 09/2002 PDF
An Inter-Country Comparison of Agricultural Productivity with
Intertemporal DEA
Natalia Aldaz, Joaquín A. Millán
ESP 08/2002 PDF
TFP Growth in Spanish Regions: Effects of Quasi-Fixed and External
Factors and Varying Capacity Utilization
José E. Boscá, Javier Escribá,
Mª.José Murgui
ESP 07/2002 PDF
The Dynamics of Efficiency Improving Input Allocation and Reorganization
Costs
Spiro Stefanou,
Onelack Choi, Jeffrey Stokes
ESP 06/2002 PDF
Productivity and Welfare
Lilyan Fulginiti,
Richard Perrin
ESP 05/2002 PDF
Estimation of a Panel Data Model with Parametric Temporal Variation in
Individual Effects
Chirok Han, Luis Orea, Peter Schmidt
ESP 04/2002 PDF
Choosing the Technical Efficiency Orientation to Analyze Firms’
Technology: A Model Selection Test Approach
Luis Orea, David
Roibás, Alan Wall
ESP 03/2002 PDF
Non-Convex Technologies and Cost Functions: Definitions, Duality and
Nonparametric Tests of Convexity
Walter Briec,
Kristiaan Kerstens, Philippe Vanden Eeckaut
ESP 02/2002 PDF
Rent-Seeking Measurement in Coal Mining by Means of Labour Unrest: An
Application of the Distance Function
Ana Rodríguez, Ignacio del Rosal, José
Baños
ESP 01/2002 PDF
Capacity Utilization and Profitability: A Decomposition of Short Run
Profit Efficiency
Tim Coelli, Emili
Grifell-Tatje, Sergio Perelman
ESP 11/2001 PDF
Economic Efficiency and Value Maximization in Banking Firms
Ana Isabel Fernández, Fernando Gascón, Eduardo
González
ESP 10/2001 PDF
Evaluating the Introduction of a Quasi-Market in Community Care:
Assessment of a Malmquist Index Approach
Francisco Pedraja, Javier Salinas, Peter Smith
ESP 09/2001 PDF
Measuring Technical Efficiency with Neural Networks: a Review
Daniel Santín, Francisco Delgado, Aurelia
Valiño
ESP 08/2001 PDF
Technical Efficiency and Productivity Potential of Firms Using a
Stochastic Metaproduction Frontier
George Battese,
D.S. Prasada Rao, Dedi Walujadi
ESP 07/2001 PDF
Human Capital and Macroeconomic Convergence: A Production-Frontier
Approach
Daniel Henderson,
Robert Russell
ESP 06/2001 PDF
New Developments in the Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Models with
Panel Data
William Greene
ESP 05/2001 PDF
The Relationship Between Technical Efficiency and Farm Size
Antonio Álvarez, Carlos Arias
ESP 04/2001 PDF
Different Methods of Modeling Multi-Species Fisheries Using a Primal
Approach
Antonio Álvarez, Luis Orea
ESP 03/2001 PDF
A Resource-Based Interpretation of Technical Efficiency Indexes
Eduardo González, Ana Cárcaba
ESP 02/2001 PDF
Some Issues on the Estimation of Technical Efficiency in Fisheries
Antonio
Álvarez
ESP 01/2001 PDF
Future Research Opportunities in Efficiency and Productivity Analysis
Knox Lovell